Vijay’s ‘Appadi podu’ falls into Akshay Kumar’s lap

Vijay's 'Appadi podu' falls into Akshay Kumar's lap

go for more : http://tcln.blogspot.com/2012/01/vijays-appadi-podu-falls-into-akshay.html

The rights of the Bollywood version of 'Appadi podu…', a chartbuster song from Vijay starrer Tamil movie Gilli, has changed hands. Actor Sonu Sood, who had bought the rights, has sold it to Akshay Kumar.

Bollywood star Akshay Kumar has reportedly bought the rights of 'Appadi podu…' for his forthcoming Hindi movie Naam Hai Boss. It is said that the Khiladi requested Sonu Sood and the audio label to give him the same and managed to get the rights.
Reports add that Akshay Kumar, like Sonu Sood, was impressed with the track at the first hearing. Without delaying, the actor decided to acquire the rights to know that it was already been sold to Sonu Sood and the latter had already started working on it.
However, Akshay Kumar is yet to finalize the singer and the composer for the Hindi version of 'Appadi podu…'. The original song was sung by Krishna Kumar Kunnath and Anuradha Sriram and the Hindi version.

Vijay getups promising in 2012 with Nanban, Thupaki, Yohan.........!

The year 2012 looks promising for Vijay. For a change, the Kaavalan star preferred noted filmmakers to young directors. As a result, the actor has three movies, which are directed by the best names of the Kollywood, in the current year. Here, we are trying to give a glimpse of his forthcoming movies.
Nanban: 
First on the list is Nanban directed by ace filmmaker Shankar. The movie, which is releasing for Sankranthi, has generated a lot of curiosity from the day it hit the floors. The multi-starrer film is a youthful entertainer, which is a remake of Bollywood blockbuster 3 Idiots. The Tamil film shows him in a college student avatar and he is all set to impress the audience with his comedy-filled movie.
Thupaki:
Thupaki, as the title says, is an out-and-out action drama. The movie made by AR Murugadoss has attracted the mass audience, as the action genre is tailor-made for Vijay. The movie tells the tale of an ordinary man's journey to Mumbai, where he sees himself as a don to rule the underworld. The movie, which also features Kajal Aggarwal, has started the shooting and expected to hit the screens in mid-2012.
Yohan: Adhyayam Ondru:
Vijay is playing

Vijay looks promising in 2012 with Nanban, Thupaki, Yohan

a contrasting character to his above mentioned other roles in Yohan: Adhyayam Ondru. The Ilayathalapathy will be enacting the character of an undercover agent in the action-thriller directed by Gautham Menon. The major part of the shooting will be shot in abroad and the regular shoots are expected to kick-start in late-2012. The movie has AR Rahman's music and some of the best Hollywood technicians will work in this project.

source:

Research Institutes of Forest in India

Forest Research Institute (FRI) Dehradun 
Arid Forest Research Institute (AFRI) Jodhpur 
Tropical Forest Research Institute (TFRI) Jabalpur 
Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding (IFGTB)Coimbatore 
Himalayan Forest Research Institute (HFRI) Shimla 
Rain Forest Research Institute (RFRI) Jorhat 
Institute of Forest Productivity (IFP) Ranchi 
Institute of Woods Science and Technology (IWST)Bangalore 
Forest Research Centre (FRC) Hyderabad 
Centre for Forestry Research and Human Resource Development (CFRHRD) Chhindwara 
Centre for Social Forestry and Eco-Rehabilitation (CSFER) Allahabad 
Advanced Research Centre for Bamboo and Rattans (ARCBR), Aizawl

Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) 2012 speeches by Chief Ministers of various States

PBD 2012: Rajasthan CM Gehlot calls on Indian-origin T&T PM Kamla Prasad Bissesar

Rajasthan Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot Saturday met Trinidad and Tobago Prime Minister Kamla Prasad Bissesar, the chief guest at the Pravasi Bharati Divas, being held here Jan 7-9. During the discussion at Hotel Rambagh Palace, Bissesar informed Gehlot that oil and natural gas sector plays a vital role in the economy of the [...]

more at http://www.pravasitoday.com/pbd-2012-rajasthan-cm-gehlot-calls-on-indian-origin-tt-pm-kamla-prasad-bissesar

PBD 2012: Solar energy key to maintaining ecological balance, says Farooq Abdullah

"Investment and research in solar energy sector is a must as renewable energy can help preserve the global ecological balance" said Farooq Abdullah, Union Minister for New & Renewable Energy. He was speaking as the chief guest at the Seminar on Solar Energy: Investment and R & D. The seminar is being held as part of the 10th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) 2012 organized jointly by Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs, Government of Rajasthan and Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) at Jaipur.

more at http://www.pravasitoday.com/pbd-2012-solar-energy-key-to-maintaining-ecological-balance-says-farooq-abdullah

India To Send 15-Member Military Delegation To China

In an overnight change of stance, India on Saturday decided to go ahead with sending the military delegation to China as scheduled next week but scaled it down from 30 to 15 after visa was denied to a senior IAF officer hailing from Arunachal Pradesh.

Sources said the Staff Officers' delegation will travel to China from January 10 as scheduled as part of defence exchanges programme.

However, instead of 30 members as decided earlier, the delegation will comprise 15 members drawn from all the three Services, they said.

The decision marks a change of stance as the government had on Friday put on hold the visit in response to the provocative action by China of denying visa to IAF Group Captain M Panging, who hails from Arunachal and was to be part of the delegation.

The delegation is to visit Beijing, Nanjing and Shanghai during the four-day trip.

China, which lays claim over Arunachal Pradesh, has often denied visa to those hailing from the state despite protests by India.

The visit by Indian military delegation is reciprocal to the one undertaken by the Chinese last month and is part of the confidence building measures between the two sides.

Earlier in 2010, China had denied visa to the then Northern Army Commander Lt Gen B S Jaswal as he was serving in Jammu and Kashmir, leading to souring of bilateral relations.

Jaswal was to head a military delegation to China under the defence exchange programme.

The ice was broken when India sent a delegation under a Major General in June last year. After that visit, two more visits took place between the two sides.

Reference:-http://ibnlive.in.com/news/india-to-send-15member-military-team-to-china/218725-3.html

Tata To Display Concept Electric Car At Detroit Auto Show

Tata Technologies, the research and engineering arm of the Tata Group, will showcase an electric concept car at the much-watched Detroit Auto Show next week.

The company said it has no plans yet to commercially produce the electric mobility concept vehicle 'Emo', which was designed to "prove that the company could one day produce an affordable electric car for the American market that offered the same capabilities as the current crop of pricier electric vehicles," a report in the New York Times said.

Nigel Giddons, the chief engineer who led much of the development of the electric vehicle from Tata Technologies American headquarters in Michigan, termed the project "very fulfilling", adding, "We ve done a lot of concept work like this, but it was always driven by customers."

He further said, "We are very keen to reinforce that there is no intention to produce this car."

Tata had showcased USD 2500 Nano in January 2010 in Detroit, parading the car for the first time for American audiences.

While the Emo resembles Nano in its small car size, Giddons said Emo has no mechanical relation to the Nano.

"We certainly applied the word minimalist in the way the Nano did," he said in the report.

Emo has no creature comforts, like leather seats or dual-zone climate controls.

If Tata decides to produce it, Emo would sell for USD 20,000 before subsidies. After considering current federal subsidies of up to USD 7,500, an Emo would cost USD 12,500, drastically remapping the entry point for electric vehicle shoppers, the report said.

The car will be parked at the Michelin Design Challenge display during the Detroit auto show and was primarily made to "validate our own capabilities across the board".

Giddons s team, which included engineers in Novi as well as in Tata Technologies offices in Britain and India, conceptualised the project and readied the final model in just eight months.

The Emo was designed as a "spartan wedge," with a glass top, seating for four and front doors measuring about twice as long as the rear ones.

Other specifications include a 100-mile estimated range on a single charge and a top speed of 65 miles per hour.

It has a fixed hatch and its rear doors swing out from the back of the car, a set-up that creates large space for entering and exiting.

Emo has been designed to pass all federal safety requirements in the US. "To do anything less would have made it a little too easy for us," Giddons said.

Reference:-http://ibnlive.in.com/news/tata-to-display-concept-electric-car-at-detroit/218724-25-162.html

Entertain News: Salman, Shah Rukh Named Most Profitable Actors By ETC.........!

 Salman Khan and Shah Rukh Khan have been named the most profitable actors of the Hindi film industry in India and abroad respectively by ETC Bollywood Business Awards.

Actress Kareena Kapoor, who featured in 'Bodyguard' and 'RA.One' in 2011 opposite the two actors, has been titled the most profitable actor in the female category.

"Receiving an award wherein you are being adjudged considering the economic quotient as a cornerstone for mapping the success gives you a sense of pride. I've always maintained that commercial success is as important as the critical success of a movie. A commercially successful movie pays evidence to the fact that viewers loved watching your movie," Kareena said in a press statement.

Salman's 'Bodyguard', the Hindi remake of the Malayalam film by the same name, was titled the top grosser of the year. The film's director Siddique, walked away with the most profitable director's trophy.

SRK's mega-budget dream project 'RA.One' was recognised as the best marketed film of the year and also bagged an award under the highest single day collection category.

"Now I can safely say 'har mulk ki public mujhe dhoondti hai'. 'RA.One', Bollywood's most expensive movie, was my dream project. It feels great that my long cherished dream has been applauded and acknowledged," said Shah Rukh.

"Allah has been very kind to me and helped me to entertain my audiences and it is quite literally my audiences' love that has fetched me these awards. Inshallah! I'll continue to entertain my audiences and make it to this award in years to come," he added.

Other films like 'Pyaar Ka Panchnaama', 'The Dirty Picture', 'Don 2:The King Is Back' and 'Mission Impossible: Ghost Protocol' bagged awards for being the most successful small budget Film, ETC Box Office surprise of the year, most popular first look of a film and most successful foreign film respectively.

The ETC Bollywood Business Awards will be aired Monday.

Reference:-http://ibnlive.in.com/news/salman-shah-rukh-named-most-profitable-actors/218716-8-66.html

World news - Inspiring People :Stephen Hawking Turns 70

The world famous scientist Stephen Hawking who is popularly known for his theories like Black holes, Theoretical cosmology, Quantum gravity and Hawking radiation will turn 70-years-old on Sunday. He is inspiration for many people around the world. Hawking was born on 8 January 1942.

Hawking was 21 years old when he was diagnosed with Motor Neurone disease which attacked shortly before his first marriage, and doctors said he would not survive more than two or three years. Hawking gradually lost the use of his arms, legs, and voice, and as of 2009 has been almost completely paralysed. But Hawking continued his research and completed his PHD.

Realizing he only had a few years left to live Hawking quickly began examining the universe and all it has to offer, become one of the most well known and respected astrophysicists the world has ever known.

Hawking was retired from his post as the Lucasian professor of Mathematics at Cambridge - a position once held by Sir Isaac Newton. He was in this position for 30 years, taking up the post in 1979 and retiring on 1 October 2009. He is now Director of Research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics at the University of Cambridge

source:http://www.currentweek.net/2012/01/stephen-hawking-turns-70-mystery.html

Osmania Ph.D. Eligibility Test for MCA and M.Sc- IS 2012

Osmania Ph.D. Eligibility Test for MCA and M.Sc- IS 2012

Directorate of Admissions, Osmania University (OU) has announced notification for Ph.D. Eligibility Test 2012 - 13 for MCA and M.Sc. (Information Systems) candidates. The Ph.D. Eligibility Test will be conducted for admission to Ph.D. programme to be offered under the faculty of Informatics, Osmania University. OU also conducts Ph.D. Eligibility test for all other subjects. This notification will be issued separately. The present notification is for MCA and M.Sc. (IS) candidates only.

Qualifications: Applicants should have completed MCA or M.Sc. (IS) with at least 55 percent marks. SC and ST candidates need minimum 50 percent marks. Application forms along with prospectus can be obtained from OU website at www.osmania.ac.in . The last date for the receipt of completed applications is 27-01-2012 by 4 PM.

Application forms also can be collected from University Press, Near Directorate of Admissions, Osmania University campus on payment of prescribed fee. Details of Syllabus for entrance examination (Ph.D. Eligibility Test) can be downloaded from the website www.osmania.ac.in/admissions. For more details, you can contact at 040 - 2709 0136. Date of eligibility test and other schedules will be announced shortly.

Read more: http://www.apcollegeadmissions.com/2012/01/osmania-phd-eligibility-test-for-mca.html#ixzz1imQ1Ecvk

India secures release of two traders trapped in China

India Wednesday secured the release of two Indian traders tortured and
taken captive by locals in a trading hub in China. The two were
escorted safely to the consulate in Shanghai, External Affairs
Minister S.M. Krishna said after talks with the Chinese envoy here.

Krishna met Chinese Ambassador Zhang Yan here Wednesday afternoon and
was assured that Beijing was paying "serious attention" to the safety
of Indian traders, Deepak Raheja and Shyam Sunder Agarwal.

Following the meeting, Krishna said the incident should not be blown
out of proportion.

The two Indians were trapped in a hotel in Yiwu city, a trading hub
near Shanghai, after some locals alleged that the firm they worked
with and whose owner is absconding owed them millions of dollars.

Zhang met Krishna at his residence here and assured the minister that
the safety of Indians in China was a "priority".

"The traders have been released and they are on their way to Shanghai
under consular officers security. Raheja and Agarwal are out of Yiwu.
Let's not blow this incident out of proportion," Krishna told
reporters after the meeting.

The minister said the two countries agreed that the safety of the two
Indians "involved in a civil litigation in Yiwu is of utmost
importance".

Asked about the return of the traders to India, Krishna said: "Our
consular officers have met them. They will perhaps work out the
details, but let us not forget that there is a civil litigation
against them and we will have to take that into consideration."

more at http://www.pravasitoday.com/india-secures-release-of-two-traders-trapped-in-china

Ambassador Zhang said the Chinese authorities were "working hard to
resolve the issue".

"I think it will be settled according to legal procedure and according
to the rule of law," the envoy told reporters.

In telephonic interviews to Indian TV channels earlier when they were
held captive in a hotel, the Indian traders alleged that their lives
were at risk because an angry crowd was waiting for them.

Pleading for help from the Indian government, the Indian traders also
alleged in TV interviews that they were beaten up and tortured by some
people.

World news:IMF Asia to face a difficult 2012

Events unfolding far from Asia's shores could shape the region's
economic outlook for 2012, but Asian policymakers still have the room
to respond aggressively to a deteriorating global economic scenario,
economists with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have said.

"Despite the prevailing global uncertainty, Asia has until now, proven
to be very resilient. It has boasted strong domestic demand, low
unemployment, and factories working at near-full capacity. While
credit growth has slowed from the torrid pace of early 2011, it
remains robust in most economies," Xinhua quoted an article on the IMF
blog as saying.

However, Asia's heavy reliance on trade was likely to make 2012 a
difficult year.

Asia is one of the world's most trade-dependent regions, exporting
everything from commodities like metals and rice to sophisticated
electronic products and cars.

Regional growth has already started to slow due to weaker demand,
although domestic factors such as tighter macroeconomic policy stances
have also played a role, especially in India and China.

Recent stresses in several regional financial markets suggest that
financial channels of contagion also pose a risk for Asia, according
to the article.

"Further financial turmoil in the euro zone would likely have a
substantial impact on Asia by reducing access to credit. Euro zone
banks are an important source of funding for many Asian banking
systems, and play a crucial role in providing trade credit," it said.

But there was still sufficient policy space in the region, though less
than at the start of the global financial crisis in some countries.

Some economies have already started monetary easing.

Fiscal policy consolidation could be appropriately delayed if external
demand were to collapse, especially where low levels of public debt
afford space for measures, it said.

Asia is home to some of the world's most dynamic economies, but
several reforms were needed to sustain the region's excellent
historical performance and reduce vulnerabilities to external shocks
in the medium term.

source:http://www.pravasitoday.com/asia-to-face-a-difficult-2012-imf

Technology News:How did Google come to have so much power..............?

On New Year's Day, Robert Epstein woke to nine e-mails from Google.
His Web site had been compromised by hackers, Google informed him, and
until Dr. Epstein, a psychologist, cleaned up his site, Google would
warn any would-be clickers to stay away.

Their ensuing exchange offers a glimpse into the frustrating nature of
Web site infections, which are increasingly widespread but hard to
diagnose and cure. Dealing with them, or even dealing with an Internet
giant's claim that it has spotted one, can cause even the most
sensible people to throw up their hands and seek court injunctions.

go for more @ http://www.ndtv.com/article/technology/how-did-google-come-to-have-so-much-power-164296

1000 More MBBS Seats in AP from 2012-13

1000 More MBBS Seats in AP from 2012-13

Here is a good news for MBBS aspirants in Andhra Pradesh. The state is going to get another 1000 MBBS seats for the academic year 2012-13. The Government medical colleges in the state of Andhra Pradesh are likely to get permission to increase their intake capacity. Apartfrom this, new medical colleges sanctioned, Apollo, Mallareddy and Vizag with each 100 seats will start functioning from the academic year 2012-13. Withe these additions, total MBBS seats in Andhra Pradesh would reach to 5850. EAMCET 2012 candidates can avail this increased intake of MBBS seats.

There are 36 medical colleges in Andhra Pradesh till the date. Out of these 22 colleges are in private management and 10 are government colleges. There are four autonomous colleges named as Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RGIMS). There are a total 4850 MBBS seats in all colleges including 1800 seats in Government Medical Colleges. The Government colleges are likely to add another 500 seats from 2012-13.

The Government is rationalising the faculty in the Government medical colleges in order to secure approval of Medical Council of India (MCI) for the additional seats. Apart from these, 100 seats would be available in the Government Medical College in Nizamabad. Further, three new private medical colleges, Apollo Medical College, Mallareddy Medical College and Vizag Medical College are going to start from 2012-13. These will have 100 seats each and some other private medical colleges have also secured additional seats on their own by fulfilling MCI guidelines. All these would add 100 more MBBS seats to the students of Andhra Pradesh.

Read more: http://www.apcollegeadmissions.com/2012/01/1000-more-mbbs-seats-in-ap-from-2012-13.html#ixzz1ih6wSOZm

A R Rahman’s 46th Birthday Today

A R Rahman's 46th Birthday Today

New Delhi: Nicknamed 'The Mozart of Madras' by the media, AR Rahman celebrates his 46th birthday on January 6, looking back on a magical career that includes two Oscars, two Grammy Awards, a BAFTA, a Golden Globe and four National Film Awards.

Rahman has his hands full, composing the music for four Indian films this year – Tamil movies 'Yohan' and Rajinikanth starrer 'Kochadaiyaan', Bollywood

movie 'Deewana Tha' and one with filmmaker Bharat Bala.

Most recently, Rahman joined forces with Rolling Stones legend Mick Jagger on SuperHeavy, a supergroup also featuring Joss Stone, Dave Stewart and Damian Marley. An Honorary Fellow of the Trinity College of Music, Rahman is a recipient of the Padma Bhushan, and was named as one of the 'World's Most Influential People' by Time in 2009.

 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYXsE1dJdiw&feature=related

Rajasthan Cabinet approved the Proposal to develop Rajiv Gandhi Biosphere Reserve

The Rajasthan state cabinet on 4 January 2012 approved the proposal to develop the Rajiv Gandhi Biosphere Reserve. The biosphere reserve will link a dozen wildlife sanctuaries and the prestigious Ranthambhiore National Park. This will help in facilitating movement of tigers and other wild animals. Moreover, it will also safeguard any species from becoming genetic pools.

The biosphere is expected to have a budget of 300 crore rupees.

source:http://www.allcurrentaffairs.tk/2012/01/rajasthan-cabinet-approved-proposal-to.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+AllCurrentAffairs+%28ALL+Current+Affairs%29&utm_content=Google+Reader

Mercedes overtakes BMW for US luxury car crown

Mercedes-Benz overtook rival BMW to snatch the crown of best-selling luxury brand in the United States after an incentive-fuelled race to the finish of 2011, industry data showed Wednesday.

With the champion of the past 11 years - Toyota's Lexus - hobbled by the fallout from Japan's devastating March 11 earthquake and tsunami, the two Teutonic giants went head-on to snatch the highly visible symbol of automotive supremacy.

source:http://www.ndtv.com/article/world/mercedes-overtakes-bmw-for-us-luxury-car-crown-163822

CBSE Secondary And Senior Secondary Class Exam Time table for 2012

CBSE Secondary And Senior Secondary Class Exam Time table for 2012

Secondary And Senior Secondary Examination Starts From 1 March But Secondary Examination Last Paper Would Be Held On 26 March But 12th Class Last Paper Would Be Held On 13 April. Senior Secondary First Paper Is English Elective, Fundamental English And English Core. 10th Class First Paper Is Painting. Students Can Check Full Time Table Of Both Classes From Given Links. Check Date Sheet Of CBSE 10th And 12th Class Examination.

CBSE 10th Class Time Table: 

http://cbse.nic.in/dsht1012.pdf

CBSE 12th Class Time Table: 

http://cbse.nic.in/dsht1212.pdf

Bihar Board Intermediate Arts/Science/Commerce Datesheet 2012

Bihar Board Senior Secondary / 12th Class Exam Date/ Schedule

Bihar Education Board Announce The Time Table Of 12th Class. Practical Examination Will Be Hold From

 25-02-2012 To 10-03-2012.

 The Practical Exams Will Be Conducted In The 2nd Sitting. Students Can Check Exam Schedule From The Given Link.

Main Exam Timing:
FIRST SITTING
(09.45 A.M. To 01.00 PM.)
SECOND SITTING
(1.45 AM. To 5.00 P.M.)

Bihar Board Intermediate Arts/Science/Commerce Datesheet 2012

DATE/DAY	FIRST SITTING  (09.45 A.M. to 01.00 PM.)		SECOND SITTING (1.45 AM. to 5.00 P.M.)
	SUBJECT	STREAM	SUBJECT	STREAM
15.03.2012  Thursday	Biology  Entrepreneurship	I.Sc.  I.Com	Philosophy  R.B. Hindi	I.A.  Vocational Course
16.03.2012  Friday	Language  Subjects	I.A.	Computer Science   Multi Media & Web Tech.   Foundation Course	I.A. I.Sc. &  I.Com.  I.A. I.Sc. & I.Com  Vocational Course
17.03.2012  Saturday	Physics Yoga & Physical Education	I.Sc.  I.A.	History  English	I.A.  Vocational Course
19.03.2012  Monday	Language  Subjects	I.Sc. &  I.Com	Psychology  Vocational Trade-I	I.A. Vocational Course
20.03.2012  Tuesday	N.R.B. & M.B.	I.A.	Accountancy  Vocational Trade-II	I.Com   Vocational Course
21.03.2012  Wednesday	Chemistry   Economics	I.Sc.  I.Com	Political Science  Vocational Trade-III	I.A.  Vocational Course
23.03.2012  Friday	N.R.B. & M.B.	I.Sc. &  I.Com	Sociology   Related Subjects	I.A.   Vocational Course
24.03.2012  Saturday	Music	IA.	Business Studies	I.Com
26.03.2012  Monday	Mathematics	I.Sc. &  IA.	Economics	I.A.
27.03.2012  Tuesday	Home Science	I.A.	xxx	xxx
28.03.2012  Wednesday	Geography	I.A.	xxx	xxx

source:http://www.bihareducation.net/examschedules/index.aspx

GATE 2012 ADMIT CARD / HALL TICKET DOWNLOAD for all zone

GATE 2012 ADMIT CARD / HALL TICKET DOWNLOAD

Admit card can only be downloaded from the zonal GATE websites from 5th January 2012. Sending Admit Cards By Post Has Been Discontinued..Admit cards can be downloaded from 05-01-2012 05:00pm.

Admit cards can be downloaded from 05-01-2012 17:00 Hrs onwards by clicking 'Application Status' in following links
Gate 2012 Admit Card

Click On following link for your respective zone...

IIT Roorkee      

IIT Madras 

IIT Kharagpur 
IIT Bombay

IIT Kanpur 

IIT Guwahati

IIT Delhi        

Lingusamy Signs Up Salman Khan ............!

Director Lingusamy is planning to remake Vettai in Hindi. The director is looking to strike gold in Bollywood and feels that Vettai would be his ticket. Talks are on with Salman Khan to essay the role Arya did in Vettai. It is also believed that Amala Paul may get a chance in the Hindi version as well. The stars for the roles played by Sameera Reddy and Madhavan are yet to be finalized, say sources.
Vettai is slated for release this Pongal. Music for this film has been scored by Yuvan Shankar Raja. Arya, Amala Paul, Madhavan and Sameera Reddy play the lead roles in this film


source:

http://tcln.blogspot.com/2012/01/lingusamy-signs-up-salman-khan.html

‘Aakash 2′ Booking Only Available For March Onwards

The pre-booking of the upgraded version of  Aakash (Ubislate 7+) is now  available for only March onwards as it has already been sold out for the month of January and February.

Makers of Aakash tablet, Datawind is ready with their new tablet Ubislate 7+ at an expected price of Rs 2999. Unlike Aakash (Ubislate7) which is a student version tab, Ubislate 7+ will be available everywhere and to everyone.

The upgraded version of Aakash, Ubislate 7+ tab will be available in the Indian market by last week of January, 2012.

Check out its configuration below:

Hardware

• Processor: Connexant with Graphics accelerator & HD Video processor

• Memory: 256MB RAM / Storage (Internal): 2GB Flash

• Storage (External): 2GB to 32GB Supported

• Peripherals: 2 Standard USB port

• Display and Resolution: 7 inch display with 800×480 pixel resolution

Software

• OS: Android 2.2

• Document Rendering

• Supported Document formats: DOC, DOCX, PPT, PPTX, XLS, XLSX, ODT, ODP

• PDF viewer, Text editor

• Multimedia and Image Display

• Image viewer supported formats: PNG, JPG, BMP and GIF

• Supported audio formats: MP3, AAC, AC3, WAV, WMA

• Supported video formats: MPEG2, MPEG4, AVI, FLV

• Communication and Internet

• Web browser- Standards Compliance: xHTML 1.1 compliant, JavaScript 1.8 compliant

• Separate application for online YouTube video

• Safety and other standards compliance

• CE certification / RoHS certification

Reference:-http://zeenews.india.com/business/technology/aakash-2-booking-available-for-only-march-onwards_36552.html

tags: features of  Aakash 2,

Pawan Kalyan’s Gabbar Singh Release date on April 27 2012..!

Pawan Kalyan's Gabbar Singh Release date on April 27 2012..!

Power Star Pawan Kalyan's next movie Gabbar Singh under the direction of Harish Shankar is currently in shooting phase. The unit will start its new schedule at Hyderabad from January 5th, then the unit will move to Pune for next schedule which will start from January 20.

Now the latest news is that,  the updated date for Gabbar Singh release is April 27, 2012.



Shruti Haasan is doing female lead in 'Gabbar Singh'. Suhasini is roped to play Pawan Kalyan's mother character and Nagineedu will play father character. Puri Jagannadh's Son Akash is going to play the Childhood role of Pawan Kalyan. Abhimanyu Singh will be seen as main villain in the movie. Ajay will play Pawan Kalyan's brother in the movie

Devi Sri Prasad is composing music for this movie. Ganesh Babu is producing the movie under his Parameswara Arts banner.

Mahesh Babu Under Rajamouli Direction In Late 2012!

Mahesh Babu Under Rajamouli Direction In Late 2012!

If Super Star Mahesh Babu joins to work in the direction of Rajamouli, that would be the undoubtedly craziest project in Tollywood. Rajamouli is one of the most wanted director in Tollywood and any hero would be ready to work with him.

It is known that, Director Rajamouli attended Businessman audio launch event and asked the fans of the superstar to pick up the subject Alluri Sitarama Raju or Cow Boy. But fans showed disinterest towards the remake of Alluri Seetharama Raju as it might not work in the current era and suggested commercial entertainer.

Now the latest news is that, SS Rajamouli plans to do a stylish film with lots of action and emotion.  The  project might take off in late 2012, as both are busy with their respective projects. Let's wait for the official announcement.

sourcehttp://cinema.currentweek.net/2012/01/mahesh-babu-under-rajamouli-direction.html

IGNOU Results 2012

IGNOU Results 2012

IGNOU Declared Many Courses Result In Jan 2012. Candidates Can Check All Stream Result Through Given Link. Candidates Must Enter 9 Digit Enrolment Number To Check The Result. Candidates Can Check BSCN Entrance Test 2011 Results, B. Ed. Entrance Test August, 2011 Results, OPENMAT RESULT (Management Programme) From The Given Link.


Entrance Exam

• BSCN Entrance Test , 2011 Results
• B. Ed. Entrance Test August, 2011 Results
• Entrance Exam Results
  
• M.SC (Chemistry & Life Science) Entrance Test Result

 

10th class Mathematics Paper Model Questions

                                                                   SSC-10th Mathematics Paper Model Questions

Following are the SSC Mathematics Model Questions in Paper 2 drawn from Model Question Papers. There are two parts in the question paper. Topics covered in these parts are Geometry, Analytical Geometry, Statistics, Trigonometry, Matrices and Computing. These are model questions only and represent the nature of questions asked in the 10th Class (Tenth Class) Public Examinations in Andhra Pradesh: 

SSC Mathematics Model paper
Paper - II ( Parts A and B ) (English Version)
Time: 2 .30 Hours - Max Marks: 50

Instructions: 1. Answer the questions under Part- A on a separate answer book. 2. Write the answers to the questions under Part-B on the question paper itself and attach it to the answer book of Part-A.

Time: 2 Hours - PART-A - Marks: 35

Section - I
Note: 1. Answer ANY FIVE questions choosing at least TWO from each of the following groups. 2. Each question carries TWO marks. 5 × 2 = 10

GROUP - A (Geometry, Analytical Geometry, Statistics)

1. Two poles of height 6 mts and 11mts stand vertically on a plane ground. If the distance between their feet is 12mts. Determine the distance between their tops.
2. Find the equation of the straight line passing through the point (1, -6) and whose product of the intercepts on the coordinate axes is 1.
3. Find the ratio in which the Y- axis divides the line - segment joining the points (-3, 2) and (6, 1)
4. The mean marks scored by 50 students is 80. On verification of data, it was found that the marks of one student were shown as 73 instead of 37. If corrected, find the new mean.

SECTION - II

Note: 1. Answer any FOUR of the following six questions. 2. Each question carries ONE mark. 4 × 1 = 4.
1. Find the slope of the line perpendicular to 5x-2y+4 = 0
2. State the Basic Proportionality Theorem.
3. Expand C.P.U.

SECTION- III

GROUP - A (Geometry, Analytical Geometry, Statistics)

Note: 1. Answer ANY FOUR questions choosing atleast two from each of the following groups. 2. Each question carries FOUR marks. 4 × 4 = 16
1. State and prove Pythagorean Theorem.
2. Find the area of the quadrilateral, whose vertices are (-1, 6), (-3, -9), (5, -8) and (3, 9).
3. Find the equation of the straight line perpendicular to the line joining the points (3, -5), (5, 7) and passing through (2, -3)
4. The following distribution of 100 individuals, according to their age is shown in the following table. Find the Median

GROUP - B
(Trigonometry, Matrices, Computing)
1. Solve the equation 3y = 4 - 2x and x = 4 by using Cramer's method.
2. Gopal purchased a radio set of Rs. 500 and sold it for Rs. 600. Execute a flow chart using this data to determine loss or gain and its percentage. 

SECTION- IV

Note: 1. Answer ANY ONE question from the following
1. The question carries FIVE marks. 1 × 5 = 5
2. Construct a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, where AB = 3cm BC = 6cm, AC = 4cm and AD = 2cm.
3. The relation among Mean, Median and Mode is [ ]
A) Mean = 3 Mode - 2 Median B) Median = 3 Mean - 2 Mode
C) Mode = 3 Mean - 2 Median D) Mode = 3 Median - 2 Mean
4 Small transistors are used in -- generation of computers [ ]
A) First B) Second C) Third D) Fourth

Read more: http://www.apcollegeadmissions.com/2012/01/ssc-10th-mathematics-paper-2-model.html#ixzz1iPhbpE00

Fellowships:PCB Fellowships for Ph.D in Environmental Research...!

PCB Fellowships for Ph.D in Environmental Research

The Andhra Pradesh State Pollution Control Board (PCB) has announced an innovative scholarships scheme for the benefit of candidates pursuing Doctoral research in Environmental issues. The state Pollution Control Board (PCB) will soon be offering Ph.D. Scholarships for 50 candidates from the state of Andhra Pradesh. The fellowship scheme will cover a monthly stipend of Rs. 20000 to 50 research scholars. Candidates should pursue research on critical environmental issues. The AP Pollution Control Board Environmental Research Fellowship will be extended to the research scholars from seven universities in the state. These are Indian Institute of Technology (IIT - Hyderabad), Jawaharlal Nehru Technical University (JNTU), University of Hyderabad, Osmania University, Andhra University, SV University and Nalsar. Duration of the Scholarship is five years.

The APPCB has also prepared a list of areas of specialization for which scholarship will be awarded. The major research topics should include following issues: 
1) Impact of port activity on health in Visakhapatnam
2) Impact of vehicular air pollution on health in Hyderabad
3) Critically water polluted areas and livelihoods of fishermen
4) Impact of pollution on the livelihoods of people in industrial areas
5) Impact of thermal power projects on the livelihoods of people in Nellore
6) Mining in scheduled areas and its impact on local environment and livelihoods
7) Municipal solid waste dump sites and their impact. 

The Board will encourage in depth study and research of environmental issues. The main aim of these scholarships is to create a strong technical and scientific knowledge base for Andhra Pradesh which will help addressing environmental concerns better. The scholarship amount is fixed at Rs 20,000 per month for the first and second years. The fellowship amount will be increased to Rs 24,000 per month for the remaining three years of research. Apart from these fellowships scheme, the PCB is also offering a research grant of Rs. 1 lakh per year. This will be offered to scholars for every project they undertake.

Read more: http://www.apcollegeadmissions.com/2012/01/pcb-fellowships-for-phd-in.html#ixzz1iPdLtd5N

10th Class Social Studies - Model Question Paper

                                                                                 SSC- 10th Class Social Studies Paper 2- Model Question Paper

Tenth Class / SSC students are gearing up for the public examinations. With the approaching of March, the 10th Class students crave for model papers and previous question papers. Here we are giving Social Studies Model Paper for the benefit of 10th Class students. There are two parts in Paper - II and the model question paper is for English Medium students. Telugu Medium candidates also can easily understand the questions. Here is the question paper:

SSC Social Studies Model Paper - Paper -II ( Parts - A and B ) (English Version)
Time: 2:30 Hours - Max. Marks: 50

Part - A : Time: 2 Hours - Marks : 35 

SECTION - I

i) Answer ANY FIVE of the following questions, choosing at least TWO from each Group. ii) Each question carries TWO marks. 5 × 2 = 10

GROUP - A

1) What is the need for irrigation development in India ?
2) "The transport and Communications are the life lines of a country" How?
3) Give the important advantages of Mumbai to become the largest port in India ?
4) Why is India called a 'Sub Continent' ?

GROUP - B

5) What are Organised and Unorganised sectors ?
6) What are ' Basic Industries' give examples.
7) Differentiate Cost-push and Demand-pull inflations.
8) Describe the role of private sector in Indian Industrialization? Is it still relevant?

SECTION - II

i) Answer ANY FOUR questions in one or two sentences. ii) Each question carries ONE mark. 4 × 1 = 4
9) List out the atomic minerals.
10) What is meant by population Density?
11) What are the features of red soils?
12) What is the basic reason for the inequality of income?
13) Define 'Poverty line'.
14) Why was the planning Commission established in 1950?

SECTION - III

i) Answer ANY FOUR of the following questions, choosing TWO from each Group. ii) Each question carries FOUR marks. 4 × 4 = 16

GROUP - A

15) Describe the ecological and economic significance of forests
16) What are the problems faced by Indian agriculture?
17) Compare and contrast the coastal plains of East and West.
18) What are the favourable factors for the development of cotton textiles in and around Mumbai and Ahmedabad centres?

GROUP - B

19) Describe the role of banking and financial institutions in india.
20) What were the features of Indian economy during british period?
21) What are the merits and demerits of Indian five year plans ?
22) What are the factors causing regional imbalances ? Explain the indicators of regional disparities.

SECTION - IV

23) Mark the following on the outline map of India. 1 × 5 = 5

SET - A
1) Cochin port 2) Kolleru lake 3) Hiracud project 4) A place where spices are plentifully available 5) Railway line between Kolkata and Chennai (via) Visakhapatnam
OR
SET - B
1) Varanasi 2) K2 peak 3) Puduchcheri 4) 82 1/2 ο E longitude 5) NH4.

Part - B : Time: 30 Minutes - Marks - 15

Choose the correct answer and write the corresponding CAPITAL LETTER in the bracket. 10 × 1−2 = 5
1) Biggest State in India in terms of area- ( )
A) Rajasthan B) Madhya Pradesh C) Maharashtra D) UP
2) Older Alluvium in India is called- ( )
A) Babhar B) Khadar C) Terai D) Bhangar
3) The place which receives the highest rainfall- ( )
A) Shillong B) Masinram C) Cochin D) Trivendrum
4) These soils are deficient of free carbonates- ( )
A) Laterite B) Black Cotton C) Alluvial D) Red
5) The H.Q. of North Eastern Railway Zone is at- ( )
A) Gorakhpur B) Malegaon C) Dispur D) Itanagar
6) East India company captured political power in- ( )
A) 1600 AD B) 1757 AD C) 1700 AD D) 1657 AD
7) Income came through Labour and Work is called- ( )
A) Unearned Income B) Earned Income C) National Income D) Per Capita Income
8) This country has highest adult literacy rate- ( )
A) India B) Pakistan C) China D) Republic of Korea
9) 'Health for All' is now changed as- ( )
A) Rajiv Arogyasri B) Health for Under Previleged C) Health for Rich D) Rural Health Programme
10) 'Heavy Industry Strategy' was the main objective of- ( )
A) First Five Year Plan B) Second Five Year Plan C) Third Five year Plan D) None of the above

II. Fill in the blanks. 10 × 1−2 = 5

11) India gets bulk of its rainfall from -- monsoon.
12) -- Trees are well grown in Tidal forests.
13) -- states records the lowest density (in 2001).
14) Tanks are more in -- state in India.
15) The single largest item of Indian imports is --
16) The firms operating under the government are known as --
17) In -- unemployment the marginal productivity is zero or negative.
18) The life expectancy in India is -- years.
19) The present scheme to fulfil the housing needs is known as --
20) Achieving -- was the chief objective third Five Year Plan.

III. Match the following. 10 × 1−2 = 5

SET - A

GROUP - A : GROUP - B
21) Buckingham Canal ( ) a) Delhi
22) Silk Industry ( ) b) Tamilnadu
23) Cosmopolitan City ( ) c) Odisha
24) Heaven on the earth ( ) d) Speedy Transport
25) Paradeep ( ) e) Navigation
f) Andhra Pradesh
g) Karnataka
h) Srinagar

SET - B

GROUP - A : GROUP - B
26) Small land holdings ( ) a) Primary Sector
27) Plantations ( ) b) H.Y.V. Seeds
28) Green Revolution ( ) c) Industrialisation
29) Basic Industry ( ) d) Problem of Agriculture
30) Means of Communications ( ) e) Machine Tools
f) Tertiary Sector
g) Petroleum Products
h) Iron and Steel.

Read more: http://www.apcollegeadmissions.com/2012/01/ssc-10th-class-social-studies-paper-2.html#ixzz1iPeKtN00

Coming Competitive Exams in 2012

Coming Competitive Exams in 2012  

January

● Rajasthan Stenographer Competitive Exam., 2011 (January)
● RPSC Accountant and Junior Accountant Combined Competitive Exam., 2011 (January)
● Bihar Staff Selection Commission Graduate Level First Elementary Combined Competitive Exam., 2010 (January)
● Malwa Gramin Bank Officers Recruitment Exam. (January 8)
● Andhra Pragathi Gramin Bank Officers Recruitment Exam. (January 8)
● U.P. Combined Lower Subordinate Services (Pre.) Exam., 2009 (January 8)
● Andhra Pradesh Teacher Eligibility Test (AP TET) Jan 2012 (November 8)
● Chhattisgarh Gramin Bank Office Assistant (Multipurpose) Exam. (January 15)
● Andhra Pragathi Gramin Bank Office Assistant Exam. (January 15)
● Bihar Kshetriya Gramin Bank Office Assistant Exam. (January 15)
● Chhattisgarh Gramin Bank Office Scale I, II and III Exam. (January 22)
● M.P. Samvida Shala Techer Eligibility Test, 2011 for Category-3 (January 22)
● Rajasthan Gramin Bank Office Middle Management (Scale II) and Officer Junior Management (Scale-I) Exam. (January 22)
● SSC Food Corporation of India Assistant Grade II and Typist Exam., 2012 (January 22)
● Syndicate Bank Agricultural Assistant in Clerical Cadre Exam., 2011-12
● Rajasthan Gramin Bank Office Assistant (Multipurpose) Exam. (January 29)
● Rewa Sidhi Gramin Bank Office Assistant (Multipurpose) Exam. (January 29)
● U.P.S.C. Special Class Railway Apprentices Exam., 2012 (January 29)
● Central Teacher Eligibility Test (CTET) Jan 2012 (January 29)


February

● SSC Food Corporation of India Assistant Grade III Exam., 2012 (February 4-5)
● Rewa Sidhi Gramin Bank Office Scale I, II and III Exam. (February 5)
● Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya Entrance Exam. (Class VI) (February 12)
● Combined Defence Services Exam. (I), 2012 (February 12)
● Uttaranchal Gramin Bank Office Assistant Exam. (February 12) (Online Closing Date : 30 December, 2011)
● Uttaranchal Gramin Bank Office Office Scale-I Exam. (February 19) (Online Closing Date : 30 December, 2011)
● Army Religious Teacher Exam (February 26)

April

● SSC Junior Engineer (Civil & Electrical) Exam., 2012 (April 8) (Closing Date : 10 February, 2012)
● Uttar Pradesh B. Ed. Joint Entrance Exam., 2012-13 (April 21) (Closing Date : 10 March, 2012)
● Recruitment of Constables (GD) and Riflemen (GD) in CAPFs 2012 (BSF/CRPF/CISF/SSB/ITBPF/Assam Rifles) (April 22) (Closing Date : 4 January, 2012)

May

● SSC Sub-Inspector in CPOs and Intelligence Officer in NCB Exam., 2012 (May 27) (Closing Date : 16 March, 2012)
● SSC Combined Graduate Level (Tier-I) Exam., 2012 (July 1&8) (Closing Date : 20 April, 2012)
● SSC Stenographers Grade 'C' & 'D' Exam., 2012 (July 29) (Closing Date : 25 May, 2012)

September

● SSC Combined Graduate Level (Tier-II) Exam., 2012 (September 15-16)

October●

 SSC Combined Higher Secondary Level (10+2) for Data Entry Oerator LDC etc. Exam., 2012 (October 21) (Closing Date : 10 August, 2012)

November● 

SSC Junior Translators (CSOLS)/Junior Hindi Translator Exam., 2012 (November 18) (Closing Date : 5 October, 2012)

First In India done by WoMen/female

First In India done by WoMen/female

The first lady to become Miss World	Rita Faria
The first woman judge in Supreme Court	Mrs. Meera Sahib Fatima Bibi
The first woman Ambassador	Miss C.B. Muthamma
The first woman Governor of a state in free India	Mrs Sarojini Naidu
The first woman Speaker of a State Assembly	Shanno Devi
The first woman Prime Minister	Mrs Indira Gandhi
The first woman Minister in a Government	Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
The first woman to climb Mount Everest	Bachhendri Pal
The first woman to climb Mount Everest twice	Santosh Yadav
The first woman President of Indian National Congress	Mrs Annie Besant
The first woman pilot in Indian Air Force	Harita Kaur Dayal
The first woman Graduates	Kadambini Ganguly and Chandramukhi Basu, 1883
The first woman Airline Pilot	Durga Banerjee
The first woman Honours Graduate	Kamini Roy, 1886
The first woman Olympic medal Winner	Karnam Malleswari, 2000
The first woman Asian Games Gold Medal Winner	Kamlijit Sandhu
The first woman Lawyer	Cornelia Sorabjee
The first woman President of United Nations General Assembly	Mrs Vijaya Laxmi Pandit
The first woman Chief Minister of an Indian State	Mrs Sucheta Kripalani
The first woman Chairman of Union Public Service Commission	Roze Millian Bethew
The first woman Director General of Police	Kanchan Chaudhary Bhattacharya
The first woman Judge	Anna Chandy (She became judge in a district court in 1937)
The first woman Cheif Justice of High Court	Mrs Leela Seth (Himachal Pradesh High Court)
The first woman Judge in Supreme Court of India	Kumari Justice M. Fathima Beevi
The first woman Lieutenant General	Puneeta Arora
The first woman Air Vice Marshal	P. Bandopadhyaya
The first woman chairperson of Indian Airlines	Sushma Chawla
The first woman IPS officer	Mrs. Kiran Bedi
The first and last Muslim woman ruler of India	Razia Sultan
The first woman to receive Ashoka Chakra	Nirja Bhanot
The first woman to receive Jnanpith Award	Ashapurna Devi
The first woman to cross English Channel	Aarti Saha
The first woman to receive Nobel Prize	Mother Teresa
The first woman to receive Bharat Ratna	Mrs Indira Gandhi
The first woman to receive Jnanpith Award	Ashpurna Devi

First In India done by Men/male

First In India done by Men/male

The first President of Indian Republic	Dr. Rajendra Prasad
The first Prime Minister of free India	Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru
The first Indian to win Nobel Prize	Rabindranath Tagore
The first President of Indian National Congress	W.C. Banerjee
The first Muslim President of Indian National Congress	Badruddin Tayyabji
The first Muslim President of India	Dr. Zakir Hussain
The first British Governor General of India	Lord William Bentinck
The first British Viceroy of India	Lord Canning
The first Governor General of free India	Lord Mountbatten
The first and the last Indian to be Governor General of free India	C. Rajgopalachari
The first man who introduced printing press in India	James Hicky
The first Indian to join the I.C.S	Satyendra Nath Tagore
India's first man in Space	Rakesh Sharma
The first Prime Minister of India who resigned without completing the full term	Morarji Desai
The first Indian Commander-in-Chief of India	General Cariappa
The first Chief of Army Staff	Gen. Maharaj Rajendra Singhji
The first Indian Member of the Viceroy's executive council	S.P.Sinha
The first President of India who died while in office	Dr. Zakhir Hussain
The first Muslim President of Indian Republic	Dr. Zakhir Hussain
The first Prime Minister of India who did not face the Parliament	Charan Singh
The first Field Marshal of India	S.H.F. Manekshaw
The first Indian to get Nobel Prize in Physics	C.V.Raman
The first Indian to receive Bharat Ratna award	Dr. Radhakrishnan
The first Indian to cross English Channel	Mihir Sen
The first Person to receive Jnanpith award	Sri Shankar Kurup
The firs Speaker of the Lok Sabha	Ganesh Vasudeva Mavalankar
The first Vice-President of India	Dr. Radhakrishnan
The first Education Minister	Abdul Kalam Azad
The first Home minister of India	Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
The first Indian Air Chief Marshal	S. Mukherjee
The first Indian Naval Chief	Vice Admiral R.D. Katari
The first Judge of International Court of Justice	Dr. Nagendra Singh
The first person to reach Mt. Everest without oxygen	Sherpa Anga Dorjee
The first person to get Param Vir Chakra	Major Somnath Sharma
The first Chief Election Commissioner	Sukumar Sen
The first person to receive Magsaysay Award	Acharya Vinoba Bhave
The first person of Indian origin to receive Nobel Prize in Medicine	Hargovind Khurana
The first Chinese traveller to visit India	Fahein
The first person to receive Stalin Prize	Saifuddin Kitchlu
The first person to resign from the Central Cabinet	Shyama Prasad Mukherjee
The first person to receive Nobel Prize in Economics	Amartya Sen
The first Chief Justice of Supreme Court	Justice Hirala J. Kania
The first Indian Pilot	J.R.D. Tata (1929)

Setup and hold times of an flip-flop

Setup and hold times

Setup time is the minimum amount of time the data signal should be held steady before the clock event so that the data are reliably sampled by the clock. This applies to synchronous circuits such as the flip-flop.

Hold time is the minimum amount of time the data signal should be held steady after the clock event so that the data are reliably sampled. This applies to synchronous circuits such as the flip-flop.

To summarize: Setup time -> Clock flank -> Hold time.

The metastability in flip-flops can be avoided by ensuring that the data and control inputs are held valid and constant for specified periods before and after the clock pulse, called the setup time (t_su) and the hold time (t_h) respectively. These times are specified in the data sheet for the device, and are typically between a few nanoseconds and a few hundred picoseconds for modern devices.

Unfortunately, it is not always possible to meet the setup and hold criteria, because the flip-flop may be connected to a real-time signal that could change at any time, outside the control of the designer. In this case, the best the designer can do is to reduce the probability of error to a certain level, depending on the required reliability of the circuit. One technique for suppressing metastability is to connect two or more flip-flops in a chain, so that the output of each one feeds the data input of the next, and all devices share a common clock. With this method, the probability of a metastable event can be reduced to a negligible value, but never to zero. The probability of metastability gets closer and closer to zero as the number of flip-flops connected in series is increased.

So-called metastable-hardened flip-flops are available, which work by reducing the setup and hold times as much as possible, but even these cannot eliminate the problem entirely. This is because metastability is more than simply a matter of circuit design. When the transitions in the clock and the data are close together in time, the flip-flop is forced to decide which event happened first. However fast we make the device, there is always the possibility that the input events will be so close together that it cannot detect which one happened first. It is therefore logically impossible to build a perfectly metastable-proof flip-flop.

Propagation delay

Another important timing value for a flip-flop (F/F) is the clock-to-output delay (common symbol in data sheets: t_CO) or propagation delay (t_P), which is the time the flip-flop takes to change its output after the clock edge. The time for a high-to-low transition (t_PHL) is sometimes different from the time for a low-to-high transition (t_PLH).

When cascading F/Fs which share the same clock (as in a shift register), it is important to ensure that the t_CO of a preceding F/F is longer than the hold time (t_h) of the following flip-flop, so data present at the input of the succeeding F/F is properly "shifted in" following the active edge of the clock. This relationship between t_CO and t_h is normally guaranteed if the F/Fs are physically identical. Furthermore, for correct operation, it is easy to verify that the clock period has to be greater than the sum t_su + t_h.

source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flip-flop_(electronics)